HUBUNGAN PAPARAN POLUSI UDARA PM2,5 DENGAN RISIKO GANGGUAN KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT DI WILAYAH PERKOTAAN

Eka Lolita Eliyanti Pakpahan; Enni Halimatussadiyah Pakpahan

doi:10.35328/kesmas.v14i2.3137

Authors

Eka Lolita Eliyanti Pakpahan Universitas Prima Indonesia, Medan, Indonesia
Enni Halimatussadiyah Pakpahan Universitas Prima Indonesia, Medan, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35328/kesmas.v14i2.3137

Keywords:

Public Health, Environmental Exposure, PM2.5, Air Pollution, Urban Areas

Abstract

Fine particulate air pollution measuring ≤2.5 micrometers (PM2.5) is one of the main environmental problems in urban areas that significantly contributes to the decline in public health. High PM2.5 exposure is known to penetrate the respiratory system to the lung alveoli and increase the risk of various health problems. This study aims to analyze the relationship between PM2.5 air pollution exposure and the risk of public health problems in urban areas. The study used a quantitative approach with an analytical observational design through a cross-sectional study. PM2.5 exposure data were obtained from air quality monitoring stations, while public health data were collected through secondary data from health service facilities and respondent surveys in Medan city. Data analysis was conducted using correlation and regression statistical tests to examine the relationship between PM2.5 exposure levels and the incidence of health problems, particularly respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. The results showed that 43.5% of respondents were in the high PM2.5 exposure category, with 39.5% experiencing respiratory problems and 34.0% experiencing cardiovascular problems. There was a significant association between PM2.5 exposure and respiratory disorders (r = 0.52; p = 0.001) and cardiovascular disorders (r = 0.41; p = 0.003). The results of the regression analysis showed that respondents with high PM2.5 exposure had a 2.87 times greater risk of experiencing health problems (OR = 2.87; 95% CI: 1.65–4.99; p = 0.001) compared to those with low exposure. The conclusion of this study confirms that PM2.5 is an important environmental risk factor in urban public health. Therefore, it is recommended to strengthen air pollution control, increase air quality monitoring, and educate the public as preventive measures to reduce the health impacts of PM2.5 exposure

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