DETERMINAN SOSIAL KESEHATAN DALAM PENCEMARAN AIR SUNGAI DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT: TINJAUAN LITERATUR SISTEMATIS DI DAS SIAK DAN DAS KAMPAR

Jufenti Ade Fitri; Wira Ekdeni Aifa; Rika Mianna

doi:10.35328/kesmas.v15i1.3165

Authors

Jufenti Ade Fitri Institut Kesehatan dan Teknologi Al Insyirah, Pekanbaru, Indonesia
Wira Ekdeni Aifa Institut Kesehatan dan Teknologi Al Insyirah, Pekanbaru, Indonesia
Rika Mianna Institut Kesehatan dan Teknologi Al Insyirah, Pekanbaru, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35328/kesmas.v15i1.3165

Keywords:

DAS Kampar; DAS Siak; PRISMA; river water pollution; social determinants of health

Abstract

River water pollution in the Siak and Kampar watersheds, Riau Province, constitutes a serious public health issue. This study aimed to identify and analyze social determinants of health influencing river water pollution and its impacts on community health in the Siak and Kampar watersheds. Method: A systematic literature review applying the PRISMA approach was conducted on five articles (n=5) published between 2017 and 2025, selected from Google Scholar, ResearchGate, and institutional repositories using a STROBE checklist with a 60% quality threshold. Results: Structural determinants included educational attainment, household income, and environmental regulation policies. Intermediate determinants encompassed waste disposal behavior, access to sanitation services, riverside settlement conditions, and psychosocial factors. Primary pollution sources originated from domestic waste, the palm oil industry, and agriculture, with BOD, phosphate, total coliform, and fecal coliform exceeding Class II standards. Pollution indices ranged from 2.0 to 3.5 (slightly polluted), yet risks of gastrointestinal, skin, and respiratory infections remained significant for vulnerable groups. Conclusion: Effective river pollution control requires a multidimensional approach targeting both structural and intermediate determinants through regulatory strengthening, cross-sectoral coordination, and community-based interventions.

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